Therefore, in a proof-of-concept pilot study, we aimed to assess the relationship between PBV determined by contrast-echocardiography and invasively obtained PAWP.Įchocardiography, contrast administration, and PTT measurementįor all participants, a comprehensive echocardiogram was performed in our Intersocietal Accreditation Commission for Echocardiography-certified laboratory on an iE33 ultrasound instrument (Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) by the same sonographer (LS). If shown to be a reasonable surrogate for PAWP, non-invasively obtained PBV could be useful in the determination of volume status, categorization of pulmonary hypertension sub-types, and in assessing response to therapy (i.e. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) is a more readily available estimate of LA pressure that is commonly used in clinical practice. PBV is related to left atrial (LA) pressure ( 6). Prior studies have compared echocardiographically-derived and invasively determined PBV in vitro ( 4) and in patients undergoing cardiac surgery ( 5). The relationship between PTT and pulmonary blood volume (PBV) suggests the potential for non-invasive determination of PBV as well. PTT is readily obtained during contrast echocardiography, has been shown to be reproducible, and the necessary data can be acquired autonomously by a sonographer within the workflow of a high-volume echocardiography laboratory ( 3). Non-invasively determined pulmonary transit time (PTT) predicts mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension ( 1) and can potentially serve as a global marker of cardiac performance ( 2).
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